The most obvious attack vector for any replay attack is the internet. Valter popeskic configuration, security layer 2 no comments. Attack mitigation is a detection and protection strategy used to safeguard networks, servers and applications by it administrators in order to minimize the effect of malicious traffic and intrusion attempts while maintaining functionality for users successful mitigation means nullifying attack attempts on two different security levels. Mitigating security threats in tactical networks rtompist092 20 3 eavesdropping. Layer 7 attacks are especially complex, stealthy, and difficult to detect because they resemble legitimate website traffic. Unlike hubs, switches cannot regulate the flow of data between their ports by creating almost instant networks that contain only the two end devices communicating with each other. Types of layer 2switch security attacks, and mitigation steps in brief june 02, 2018 security attacks against switches or at layer 2 can be grouped in four major categories as follows. Involves an adversary who examines the content of messages to gather the information transmitted. Mitigate vlan hopping attack get rid of layer 2 attacks. Layer 2 attacks and mitigation techniques for the cisco.
It defines how data packets are to be formatted for transmission and routings. Types of layer 2switch security attacks, and mitigation steps in brief. Applying security policies to network switches deniz kaya microsoft, cisco, ironport trainer ccsi, ccnp, mct, mcse, icsi, icsp. This document has a focus on understanding and preventing layer 2 attacks on the cisco catalyst 6500 switching platform. Layer 2 attacks mitigation of layer 2 attacks unlike hubs, switches cannot regulate the flow of data between selection from ccsp self study. Layer 2 attacks arp spoofing mac attacks dhcp attacks vlan hopping. Attack launch eight dos attack tools were used as part of the research.
Attacks at the data link layer university of california. Cisco device security is surely one of the most interesting topics in the whole cisco world. Mitigating byzantine attacks in ad hoc wireless networks. Us8832831b2 method and system for detecting and mitigating. Chapter 2 mitigating the risk of atm logical and malware attacks. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. After taking a look at some of the common types of attacks on layer 2 devices i. Yusuf bhaiji, cisco systems layer 2 attacks and mitigation techniques session focuses on the security issues surrounding layer 2, the datalink layer. A method and security system for detecting and mitigating encrypted denialofservice dos attacks. It turns out that when the capacity of the mac layer queue is one, a single attacker cannot take down the can system.
Us9055006b2 techniques for traffic diversion in software. These layer 7 attacks, in contrast to network layer attacks such as dns amplification, are particularly effective due to their. Network layer attacks were considered for this study. Switch based network are layer 2 networks, this lead to an inside network attack risk. When a layer 2 switch receives a frame, the switch looks in the cam table for the destination mac address.
It seems like every day a data breach occurs and the victims of the data breach suffer. It operates at the physical and transport layer in the osi model cisco, 2002. There are many more, and some attacks probably havent been used or discovered yet. Protecting yourself with application layer web security is the first step in fighting against this growing trend. With a significant percentage of network attacks originating inside the corporate firewall, exploring this soft underbelly of data networking is critical for any secure. Preventing layer 2 security threats searchnetworking. Layer 2 switching attacks and mitigation from networker, december 2002 1.
This excerpt from the official cisco snrs study guide discusses layer 2 attacks, mitigations, best practices, and functionality within the scope of the ccsp snrs exam framework. Even simple layer 7 attacksfor example those targeting login pages with random user. Understanding, preventing, and defending against layer 2. With a network that lets them generate and protect terabits of data, this centuriesold port became one of the worlds. Mitigating layer 2 attacks free download as pdf file. The true work of the network security engineer is to learn where the next attack will originate and determine how to mitigate itbefore the attack occurs, or as soon as it does. You might be thinking that it would require some high techniques to mitigate the attacks described above. Attack mitigation options for attack type application layer 7 data message and packet creation begins. Denialofservice dos attacks are always a major concern as they can come from both internal. Understanding, preventing, and defending against layer 2 attacks. Risk management evaluating alternatives for mitigating the risk risk communication presenting this material in an understanble. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext.
Ip source guard is a security feature that filters traffic based on the dhcp snooping binding database and on manually configured ip source bindings in order to restrict ip traffic on nonrouted layer 2 interfaces. Learning to detect and mitigate crosslayer attacks in. Types of layer 2switch security attacks, and mitigation. We were tired of doing always the same layer 2 attacks arp poisoning, cam flooding. With a significant percentage of network attacks originating inside the corporate firewall, exploring this soft underbelly of data networking is critical for any secure network design.
Mitigating attacks in software defined networks request pdf. Sep 05, 2014 holddown timers in the interface configuration menu can be used to mitigate arp spoofing attacks by setting the length of time an entry will stay in the arp cache. The system includes a dos defense dosd module configured to detect an encrypted dos attack in an inbound traffic by analyzing attributes only in the inbound traffic that relate to at least one of a network layer and an application layer, wherein the dosd module is further configured to. Even simple layer 7 attacks for example those targeting login pages with random user. As the switch uses mac addresses to forward the network traffic, arp is used whenever a endpoint host tries. We implement a testbed using can transceivers and perform tests of the protocolcompliant dos attacks on the testbed. Layer 7 ddos attack a layer 7 ddos attack is an attack structured to overload specific elements of an application server infrastructure. The method comprises receiving a dos attack indication performed against at least one destination server. Guidance and recommendations regarding logical attacks on. Lisa bock, a security ambassador, explains the difference between the control, data, and management planes in networking, and provides to an overview of layer 3 attacks and techniques for securing cisco routers. Detecting and mitigating cyber threats and attacks coursera. Mar 06, 2015 the reason why they are so damaging is because application level attacks can actually destroy or severely damage server, application, and database resources. All attacks and mitigation techniques assume a switched ethernet network running ip if it is a shared ethernet access wlan, hub, etc most of these attacks get much easier if you are not using ethernet as your l2 protocol, some of these attacks may not work, but chances are, you are vulnerable to different types of attacks. Understanding and preventing attacks at layer 2 of the osi reference model abstract.
Application layer attacks target applications or services at layer 7 increasingly common in recent years sophisticated, stealthy and difficult to detect and mitigate. However, one area that is often left untouched is hardening layer 2 and this can open the network to a variety of attacks and compromises. This document will have a focus on understanding and preventing layer 2 attacks on the cisco catalyst 6500. Rethinking the division of labor by nir solomon final project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the m. We believe that the study on layer 2 attacks is equally important in todays networking environments. This article has examined only a few of the most common layer 2 attacks. Some cisco switches ports default to auto mode for trunking. This post looks at the individual layers of the osi model, specifically looking at the function of each layer, vulnerabilities for ddos attacks, and mitigation. Enduser protocols such as ftp, smtp, telnet, and ras work at this layer uses the protocols ftp, http, pop3, & smtp and its device is the gateway pdf get requests, http get, http post, website forms. Each mac address is a unique series of numbers, similar to serial numbers or lan ip addresses. The method of dividing a single layer 2 network to multiple broadcast domains so that traffic of those different broadcast domains flow independently without colliding each other in that same layer 2 network is called virtual local area networksvlan. The network interface layer, commonly referred to as the data link layer, is the physical interface between the host system and the network hardware. Flow chart of internet control message protocol icmp attack detection algorithm. Comprised of seemingly legitimate and innocent requests, the goal of these attacks is to crash the web server, and the magnitude is measured in requests per second rps.
A macbook pro and a lenovo t61p laptops was used for these test and acted. Learn detecting and mitigating cyber threats and attacks from university of colorado system. Switches, routers and software, powered for the first time by a breakthrough piece of silicon. If an initial attack comes in at layer 2, the whole network can be compromised. Introduction this memorandum aims to describe the list of security threats and counter measure that might be identified on an 802. Layer 2 attacks and mitigation techniques for the cisco catalyst. Pdf mitigating address spoofing attacks in hybrid sdn. Understanding and preventing attacks at layer 2 of the osi. Mitigating address spoofing attacks in hybrid sdn article pdf available in international journal of advanced computer science and applications 84 january 2017 with 621 reads. Here are all the ccna security 210260 commands you need in one condensed, portable resource. Attacks at the data link layer university of california, davis. Mitigation tighten up trunk configurations and the negotiation state of unused ports.
We were tired of watching the same interesting packets flowing in our customers networks and not being able to play with them. The attacking devices mac address then becomes the destination address found in the layer 2 frames sent by the valid. Guidance and recommendations regarding logical attacks on atms. Attacks at the data link layer abstract intrusion detection systems usually operate at layer 3 or above on the tcpip stack because layer 2 protocols in local area networks are trusted. How to mitigate ddos vulnerabilities in layers of osi. It is massive, crowded, and intrinsically insecure. Next, she addresses layer 2 attacks and techniques to secure cisco switches. Layer 2 attacks and mitigation techniques apnic 29. In this article we will mitigate vlan hopping by switch spoofing in the way that we will disable trunking on the ports who do not have to become trunk ports. First, layer 2 devices, unlike routers, are not designed for security. Switch security attacks are the most popular topic in the switch layer 2 security. A proposed dos detection scheme for mitigating dos attack. Examples of such attacks include jamming of the physical layer, disruption of the medium access control layer coordination packets, attacks against the routing infrastructure, targeted attacks on the transport protocols such as an attack against packets addressed to a speci.
Related work mitigating dos ddos attacks at the origin or within the core of the internet seems to be an impossible task due to the distributed and authorization free nature of the ip based network. For this reason, in this paper we propose a novel framework to analyze. A manufacturer should not have two devices with the same mac address. In the networking world in general this is also one of the most exciting and dynamic topic of all. The ability and usefulness of the ethernet switch lies in its ability to memorize the mac address of each of the ports connected to it, so that any frame which enters the switch, can be. When it comes to networking, layer 2 can be a very weak link physical links mac addresses ip addresses protocolsports application stream application presentation session transport network data link physical. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Mitigating layer 2 attacks this chapter covers the following subjects. Layer 2 attacks and mitigation techniques session focuses on the security issues surrounding layer 2, the datalink layer. Figure 2 shows the setup used in capturing attack traffic. One of the most common security threats in the layer 2 domain, and one of those least likely to be detected, is the threat targeted at disabling the network or compromising network users with the purpose of gleaning sensitive information such as passwords. To illustrate the weakness of layer 2 networks, attacking tools for this layer are.
Chapter 2 mitigating the risk of atm logical and malware attacks, setting up lines of defence a layered approach, the four lines of defence a layered approach is recommended to protect atms from. Jun 14, 2011 application layer attacks includes lowandslow attacks, getpost floods, attacks that target apache, windows or openbsd vulnerabilities and more. Various approaches to find the source ip of attacker using filtering mechanisms have. However, the discussio n in 1 is mainly on layer 3 attacks only. Although existing research has thoroughly addressed singlelayer attacks, to the best of our knowledge the problem of detecting and mitigating crosslayer attacks still remains unsolved. Check the innovations, events and activities happening across the globe this week. This session focuses on the security issues surrounding layer 2, the datalink layer. On the other hand, virtual private lan service vpls is a l2 virtual private. Layer 2 switched environments, typically found in enterprise customer wiring closets, can be easy targets for network security attacks.
All attacks and mitigation techniques assume a switched ethernet network running ip if it is a shared ethernet access wlan, hub, etc most of these attacks get much easier if you are not using ethernet as your l2 protocol, some of these attacks may not work, but. Mitigation techniques to stop this attack are also covered. We were tired of check that, very often, routers and switches configuration are poorly set up and rarely hardened. Modification of the arp cache expiration time on all end systems are required as well as static arp entries. A method for mitigating of denial of service dos attacks in a software defined network sdn. It can be implemented at a high software layer of the atm pc 2 or somewhere within the network 3. Preventing layer 2 attacks these days the ethernet switches have literally replaced the shared media hubs especially in the large corporations. Id on packets encapsulated for trunking, an attacking device can send or receive packets on various vlans, bypassing layer 3 security measures. The ettercap attack tool will be used to initiate layer 2 attacks that you might encounter. Ccna security 210260 portable command guide, 2nd edition. Various approaches to find the source ip of attacker using filtering mechanisms have been proposed. However, holddown timers by themselves are insufficient. Years before only big websites and web applications got attacked but nowadays also rather small and medium companies or institutions get attacked. Replay attack vulnerabilities and mitigation strategies.
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